TITLE: Reserve Bank of India Updates Master Direction on Rupee and Foreign Currency Vostro Accounts for Non-resident Exchange Houses
BODY:
On December 22, 2022, the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) updated its Master Direction on the opening and maintenance of rupee and foreign currency vostro accounts of non-resident exchange houses. The Master Direction consolidates foreign exchange regulations issued under Section 11 of the Foreign Exchange Management Act, 1999, and applies to all authorised persons, including authorised category I banks.
The Master Direction establishes the framework for Rupee Drawing Arrangements (RDAs), which enable cross-border inward remittances from overseas jurisdictions. Authorised category I banks may enter into tie-ups with non-resident exchange houses located in Gulf countries, Hong Kong, Singapore, Malaysia, and all Financial Action Task Force (FATF) compliant countries to open and maintain vostro accounts. The updated guidance covers three operational procedures: Designated Depository Agency (DDA), Non-DDA, and Speed Remittance procedures, each with specific collateral requirements and operational conditions.
Key provisions include: remittances must be credited on a credit basis with no overdrafts permitted; accounts must be funded through sale of permitted foreign currency; separate accounts must be maintained for each arrangement; and a cap of 300 drawee branches applies unless branches operate under Core Banking Solution with online monitoring. Permitted transactions encompass personal remittances, insurance and investment payments, educational fees, medical expenses, and trade transactions up to Rs.15,00,000 per transaction. The Master Direction mandates strict know your customer (KYC), anti-money laundering (AML), and counter-terrorism financing (CFT) compliance. Authorised category I banks must conduct half-yearly inspections of vostro accounts and maintain adequate internal controls.
The updated Master Direction consolidates 20 A.P. (DIR Series) Circulars issued between February 2008 and September 2022. The RBI will continue issuing A.P. (DIR Series) Circulars to communicate any further changes to these regulations.